Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry · 2026
5'-tRFGly in serum is a specific tRNA-derived fragment biomarker for gastric cancer diagnosis.
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Wang Ying, Jiang Chen, Zhang Zhihan, Wu Yi, Xin Wenting, Shi Aijun, Cong Hui
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) remains a significant global burden of cancer-related mortality, with current biomarkers exhibiting insufficient sensitivity and specificity for GC detection. This study investigated the potential of transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) as novel diagnostic biomarkers for GC.
METHODS: The candidate biomarker 5'-tRFGly, initially identified through database screening, underwent rigorous validation procedures: including real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) for expression level detection, sequencing confirmation of sequence consistency, secondary structure computer modeling, and evaluation of its GC diagnostic efficacy based on discriminative power and electrophoresis experiments.
RESULTS: The study found that 5'-tRFGly was significantly overexpressed in GC tissues, cells, and serum. Compared with healthy donors and gastritis patients, serum levels of 5'-tRFGly were significantly elevated in GC patients and markedly decreased postoperatively. Furthermore, high expression of 5'-tRFGly was associated with neural/lymphovascular invasion, high-grade histology, regional lymph node metastasis, and advanced TNM stage (all P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that 5'-tRFGly exhibited superior diagnostic accuracy for GC compared to existing clinical biomarkers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 724 (CA724), and carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199), with significantly larger area under the curve (AUC) values.
CONCLUSIONS: 5'-tRFGly is a promising biomarker for gastric cancer, with elevated serum levels reflecting tumor presence and aggressiveness. Its decrease after surgery and superior diagnostic accuracy over conventional markers support its potential use in non-invasive detection, postoperative monitoring, and risk stratification.
METHODS: The candidate biomarker 5'-tRFGly, initially identified through database screening, underwent rigorous validation procedures: including real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) for expression level detection, sequencing confirmation of sequence consistency, secondary structure computer modeling, and evaluation of its GC diagnostic efficacy based on discriminative power and electrophoresis experiments.
RESULTS: The study found that 5'-tRFGly was significantly overexpressed in GC tissues, cells, and serum. Compared with healthy donors and gastritis patients, serum levels of 5'-tRFGly were significantly elevated in GC patients and markedly decreased postoperatively. Furthermore, high expression of 5'-tRFGly was associated with neural/lymphovascular invasion, high-grade histology, regional lymph node metastasis, and advanced TNM stage (all P < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis demonstrated that 5'-tRFGly exhibited superior diagnostic accuracy for GC compared to existing clinical biomarkers such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 724 (CA724), and carbohydrate antigen 199 (CA199), with significantly larger area under the curve (AUC) values.
CONCLUSIONS: 5'-tRFGly is a promising biomarker for gastric cancer, with elevated serum levels reflecting tumor presence and aggressiveness. Its decrease after surgery and superior diagnostic accuracy over conventional markers support its potential use in non-invasive detection, postoperative monitoring, and risk stratification.