Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026
The effects of upper airway obstruction on oxygen consumption and ventilatory variables in Colombian criollo horses.
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Massie Shannon L, Zuluaga-Cabrera Angélica María, Bayly Warwick M, Vega Lady Consuelo Calixto, Vanegas Viviana Elena Castillo, Léguillette Renaud
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: While conditions associated with upper airway obstruction (UAO) are reported in Colombian Criollo horses, their effect on ventilation and performance is unknown.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To investigate how oxygen consumption ($\dot{\rm V}$O2), ventilation,, and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) are affected by UAO in horses performing at natural gaits.
ANIMALS: Twenty-three client-owned Colombian Criollo horses.
METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study assigned horses to a control (C), or UAO group after overground endoscopy. All horses performed a standardized submaximal exercise test while wearing an ergospirometry facemask. Post-exercise blood lactate concentration and bronchoalveolar lavage cytological results were assessed.
RESULTS: Twelve horses had UAO, with 6/12 having multiple diagnoses. Recurrent laryngeal neuropathy was most prevalent (83%), followed by nasopharyngeal collapse (42%). Mean $\dot{\rm V}$O2 and minute ventilation were not different between C (79.4 ± 22.0 mL/(kg min); 723 ± 203 L/min) and UAO (88.2 ± 23.2 mL/(kg min); 648 ± 190 L/min). UAO resulted in lower peak inspiratory (25.2 ± 5.3 L/s, P = .01) and expiratory (33.6 ± 7.3 L/s, P = .03) flow than C (28.3 ± 10.0 and 38.0 ± 9.0 L/s). Longer inspiratory and expiratory durations in UAO resulted in lower breathing frequency (76.0 ± 16.0 vs. 89.2 ± 12.4 breaths/min). Post-exercise [lactate] was greater (P = .05) in UAO (6.8 [4.6-9.3] mmol/L) than C (3.5 [3.0-5.5] mmol/L). No evidence of EIPH was noted.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Horses with UOA had marked changes in ventilation, however, $\dot{\rm V}$O2 and EIPH severity were not different to C, likely because the exercise was submaximal.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To investigate how oxygen consumption ($\dot{\rm V}$O2), ventilation,, and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) are affected by UAO in horses performing at natural gaits.
ANIMALS: Twenty-three client-owned Colombian Criollo horses.
METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study assigned horses to a control (C), or UAO group after overground endoscopy. All horses performed a standardized submaximal exercise test while wearing an ergospirometry facemask. Post-exercise blood lactate concentration and bronchoalveolar lavage cytological results were assessed.
RESULTS: Twelve horses had UAO, with 6/12 having multiple diagnoses. Recurrent laryngeal neuropathy was most prevalent (83%), followed by nasopharyngeal collapse (42%). Mean $\dot{\rm V}$O2 and minute ventilation were not different between C (79.4 ± 22.0 mL/(kg min); 723 ± 203 L/min) and UAO (88.2 ± 23.2 mL/(kg min); 648 ± 190 L/min). UAO resulted in lower peak inspiratory (25.2 ± 5.3 L/s, P = .01) and expiratory (33.6 ± 7.3 L/s, P = .03) flow than C (28.3 ± 10.0 and 38.0 ± 9.0 L/s). Longer inspiratory and expiratory durations in UAO resulted in lower breathing frequency (76.0 ± 16.0 vs. 89.2 ± 12.4 breaths/min). Post-exercise [lactate] was greater (P = .05) in UAO (6.8 [4.6-9.3] mmol/L) than C (3.5 [3.0-5.5] mmol/L). No evidence of EIPH was noted.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Horses with UOA had marked changes in ventilation, however, $\dot{\rm V}$O2 and EIPH severity were not different to C, likely because the exercise was submaximal.