Potential of Benfotiamine in the treatment of neuropsychological disorders.

Neuropsychiatric disorders pose significant health challenges. Current drug therapies are often inadequate, highlighting the urgent need for new and effective treatments. Thiamine deficiency has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various neuropsychiatric disorders. In this context, benfotiamine, a synthetic thiamine derivative, has gained increasing attention for its potential therapeutic effects across a range of neuropsychiatric conditions. Emerging evidence supports the neuroprotective effects of benfotiamine, which are mediated through its modulation of diverse cellular and molecular pathways, i.e., Tau phosphorylation, amyloid β, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, as well as synaptic plasticity via the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) signaling pathway. In this narrative review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the cellular and molecular pathways modulated by benfotiamine in the context of neuropsychiatric disorders. Specifically, we highlight its effects on oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling, mitochondrial function, glucose metabolism, and advanced glycation end-product (AGE) formation, all of which contribute to its neuroprotective and potentially therapeutic properties.