Psychogeriatrics : the official journal of the Japanese Psychogeriatric Society · 2026
The Toxic Filter: Chronic Kidney Disease Drives Neuro-Psychiatric Toxicity and Agitation in Sepsis Survivors Aged ≥ 90 Years: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using the National Database of Japan.
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Shimoyama Yuichiro, Kadono Noriko, Umegaki Osamu
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: In sepsis survivors aged ≥ 90 years, physiological reserve defines recovery. We previously identified liver dysfunction as protective ('liver paradox') and rehabilitation as a trigger for mental decline. Here, we hypothesised a 'metabolic dichotomy', where chronic kidney disease (CKD) damages the brain by accumulating neurotoxins, acting as a 'toxic filter'.
METHODS: Using the National Database of Japan, we analysed 269 previously independent and medication-free sepsis survivors aged ≥ 90. The primary outcome was new initiation of CNS-active medications within 6 months after ICU admission. A secondary analysis compared initiation of antipsychotics (agitation/delirium) versus antidementia drugs. We performed multivariate logistic regression adjusting for confounders including rehabilitation.
RESULTS: Among 269 survivors, 49 (18.2%) had CKD. The CKD group had significantly higher antipsychotic initiation (34.7% vs. 19.1%; p = 0.022), whereas antidementia drug initiation was identical (4.1% vs. 4.1%; p = 1.00). Multivariate analysis identified CKD as an independent risk factor for overall CNS medication initiation (OR 2.85; p = 0.009). Specifically for antipsychotics, CKD's impact was more pronounced (OR 3.22; p = 0.004). Sensitivity analyses excluding renal replacement therapy yielded consistent results (OR 3.21; p = 0.006). Liver dysfunction maintained a protective trend.
CONCLUSION: Unlike the protective liver, CKD acts as a 'toxic filter', driving acute 'toxic agitation' rather than dementia in nonagenarians. This establishes the 'metabolic dichotomy'. Preserving renal filtration is synonymous with preserving sanity.
METHODS: Using the National Database of Japan, we analysed 269 previously independent and medication-free sepsis survivors aged ≥ 90. The primary outcome was new initiation of CNS-active medications within 6 months after ICU admission. A secondary analysis compared initiation of antipsychotics (agitation/delirium) versus antidementia drugs. We performed multivariate logistic regression adjusting for confounders including rehabilitation.
RESULTS: Among 269 survivors, 49 (18.2%) had CKD. The CKD group had significantly higher antipsychotic initiation (34.7% vs. 19.1%; p = 0.022), whereas antidementia drug initiation was identical (4.1% vs. 4.1%; p = 1.00). Multivariate analysis identified CKD as an independent risk factor for overall CNS medication initiation (OR 2.85; p = 0.009). Specifically for antipsychotics, CKD's impact was more pronounced (OR 3.22; p = 0.004). Sensitivity analyses excluding renal replacement therapy yielded consistent results (OR 3.21; p = 0.006). Liver dysfunction maintained a protective trend.
CONCLUSION: Unlike the protective liver, CKD acts as a 'toxic filter', driving acute 'toxic agitation' rather than dementia in nonagenarians. This establishes the 'metabolic dichotomy'. Preserving renal filtration is synonymous with preserving sanity.