Recent Advances in Extracorporeal Life Support of Neonates with Cardiopulmonary Failure.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has revolutionized neonatal care, providing lifesaving support for cardiorespiratory failure. Miniaturized circuits and improved cannulae expanded ECMO eligibility to smaller and more complex infants. Indications now extend beyond respiratory failure to include structural and acquired heart disease and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Contemporary anticoagulation strategies, incorporating multimodal monitoring and alternative agents, seek to balance bleeding and thrombosis. With improved survival, focus has shifted to neurodevelopmental and long-term outcomes, highlighting the role of multidisciplinary management, structured follow-up, and technological innovation to optimize recovery and quality of life.