Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2026
[Diagnostics of Sjögren's disease].
Аннотация на английскомСтатьяОбзорНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Finzel Stephanie
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Sjögren's disease (SjD) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations and variable systemic involvement. An accurate diagnosis requires a structured, multimodal diagnostic approach.
OBJECTIVE: Presentation of the current diagnostic strategies in suspected SjD, focusing on the American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification criteria, objective functional diagnostics, serological markers, histopathology, imaging modalities and domain-specific diagnostics within the EULAR Sjögren's syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI) framework.
METHODS: Narrative review based on current classification criteria, validated diagnostic tools, imaging techniques, key publications and consensus statements.
RESULTS: The ACR/EULAR classification criteria published in 2016 represent the current international standard for classification of SjD. Objective functional measurement of lacrimal and salivary glands, serological testing (particularly anti-SSA/Ro antibodies), labial salivary gland biopsy, and imaging modalities provide complementary diagnostic information. Salivary gland ultrasonography has emerged as a valuable noninvasive tool. The ESSDAI enables standardized assessment of systemic disease activity and requires tailored diagnostic procedures depending on the affected organ domains.
CONCLUSION: The diagnostics of SjD rely on the integration of classification criteria and domain-specific assessments. A personalized, multimodal diagnostic strategy is essential for accurate diagnosis, disease activity evaluation and making informed therapeutic decisions.
OBJECTIVE: Presentation of the current diagnostic strategies in suspected SjD, focusing on the American College of Rheumatology (ACR)/European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) classification criteria, objective functional diagnostics, serological markers, histopathology, imaging modalities and domain-specific diagnostics within the EULAR Sjögren's syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI) framework.
METHODS: Narrative review based on current classification criteria, validated diagnostic tools, imaging techniques, key publications and consensus statements.
RESULTS: The ACR/EULAR classification criteria published in 2016 represent the current international standard for classification of SjD. Objective functional measurement of lacrimal and salivary glands, serological testing (particularly anti-SSA/Ro antibodies), labial salivary gland biopsy, and imaging modalities provide complementary diagnostic information. Salivary gland ultrasonography has emerged as a valuable noninvasive tool. The ESSDAI enables standardized assessment of systemic disease activity and requires tailored diagnostic procedures depending on the affected organ domains.
CONCLUSION: The diagnostics of SjD rely on the integration of classification criteria and domain-specific assessments. A personalized, multimodal diagnostic strategy is essential for accurate diagnosis, disease activity evaluation and making informed therapeutic decisions.