Pure red cell aplasia associated with expansion of CD3+ CD8+ granular lymphocytes expressing cytotoxicity against HLA-E+ cells.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using aqueous fruit extracts of Garcinia gummi-gutta (Gg) and Garcinia indica (Gi) via a phyto-mediated approach. Characterization by UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, DLS, zeta potential, EDS, and HR-TEM confirmed nanoscale dimensions (5-32 nm), crystalline structure, negative surface charge, and phytochemical-mediated capping. GC-MS profiling of the extracts identified bioactive metabolites responsible for Ag⁺ reduction and nanoparticle stabilization. Antifungal activity was assessed against four mucormycosis-causing fungi-Absidia blakesleeana, Apophysomyces elegans, Mucor circinelloides, and Rhizopus arrhizus-using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. Gg-AgNPs showed significantly larger inhibition zones (16 ± 0.5 mm for A. blakesleeana; 14 ± 0.33 mm for M. circinelloides) than Gi-AgNPs (10 ± 0.33 mm and 10 ± 0.5 mm, respectively) (p < 0.001). MIC values were lower for Gg-AgNPs (15.625-62.5 µg/mL), with A. elegans being the most susceptible. Synergistic assays revealed that Gg-AgNPs enhanced the efficacy of Amphotericin-B and Ketoconazole, increasing inhibition zones by up to 77% against A. elegans and 50% against A. blakesleeana. Statistical analyses (t test, two-way ANOVA) confirmed significant effects of nanoparticle type, fungal strain, and treatment modality (p < 0.001). These results demonstrate that Garcinia fruit extracts serve as efficient bio-reductants for sustainable nanoparticle synthesis, and the resulting AgNPs possess potent, statistically validated anti-mucormycotic activity. This comparative study highlights their potential as eco-friendly nanotherapeutics and synergistic adjuvants against mucormycosis pathogens.