Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology · 2026
Diameter, height, and volume as macroscopic predictors of photocarcinogenesis in UV-induced SKH1 papules.
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Boostani Mehdi, Carman Alaina F, Tracy Erin C, Murphy Sean P, Rodrigues Rhea Carmel Glen, Ferenczi Katalin, Weston Gillian, Sokumbi Olayemi, Paragh Gyorgy, Huss Wendy J
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: The albino hairless SKH1 mouse is the most widely used model for UV-induced skin carcinogenesis, yet standardized macroscopic thresholds for classifying papules as cancer are lacking. Prior studies have used diameter alone, with variable cutoffs and limited dermatopathology.
OBJECTIVE: To determine how papule diameter, height, and volume correlate with histopathology in SKH1 mice and to identify practical cutoffs beyond which papules can be considered cancer.
METHODS: Forty-four SKH1 mice were irradiated with solar-simulated UV (290-400 nm; 90 mJ/cm2 UVB; 5 days/week for 10-18 weeks). A total of 323 papules were measured in vivo (length, width, height by calipers); volume was computed from caliper dimensions. Lesions were collected at necropsy and processed and scored for pathology by three expert dermatopathologists; a consensus of two rendered diagnoses (papilloma, actinic keratosis, SCC in situ [SCCis], invasive SCC [iSCC]). Lesions were binned, and the cumulative positive predictive value (PPV) for cancer (SCCis+iSCC) was calculated above each diameter, height, and volume threshold.
RESULTS: Among 323 lesions, the prevalence of iSCC rose with diameter: 22.8% at 1-1.5 mm, 35.8% at 2-2.5 mm, 76.2% at 4-6 mm, 83.4% at 6-8 mm, and 100% >8 mm, with 100% of the papules being cancerous beyond 6.3 mm diameter. Height and volume followed a similar pattern: all lesions were cancerous at a height of ≥4.1 mm and a volume of ≥46.8mm3.
CONCLUSIONS: Macroscopic measurements strongly predict histology in SKH1 photocarcinogenesis. Lesions ≥6.3 mm in diameter, ≥4.1 mm in height, or ≥ 46.8 mm3 in volume can be considered cancer with 100% PPV in this dataset. These thresholds provide practical, pathology-anchored endpoints for preclinical study design.
OBJECTIVE: To determine how papule diameter, height, and volume correlate with histopathology in SKH1 mice and to identify practical cutoffs beyond which papules can be considered cancer.
METHODS: Forty-four SKH1 mice were irradiated with solar-simulated UV (290-400 nm; 90 mJ/cm2 UVB; 5 days/week for 10-18 weeks). A total of 323 papules were measured in vivo (length, width, height by calipers); volume was computed from caliper dimensions. Lesions were collected at necropsy and processed and scored for pathology by three expert dermatopathologists; a consensus of two rendered diagnoses (papilloma, actinic keratosis, SCC in situ [SCCis], invasive SCC [iSCC]). Lesions were binned, and the cumulative positive predictive value (PPV) for cancer (SCCis+iSCC) was calculated above each diameter, height, and volume threshold.
RESULTS: Among 323 lesions, the prevalence of iSCC rose with diameter: 22.8% at 1-1.5 mm, 35.8% at 2-2.5 mm, 76.2% at 4-6 mm, 83.4% at 6-8 mm, and 100% >8 mm, with 100% of the papules being cancerous beyond 6.3 mm diameter. Height and volume followed a similar pattern: all lesions were cancerous at a height of ≥4.1 mm and a volume of ≥46.8mm3.
CONCLUSIONS: Macroscopic measurements strongly predict histology in SKH1 photocarcinogenesis. Lesions ≥6.3 mm in diameter, ≥4.1 mm in height, or ≥ 46.8 mm3 in volume can be considered cancer with 100% PPV in this dataset. These thresholds provide practical, pathology-anchored endpoints for preclinical study design.