Classification of Valvular Heart Diseases based on Heart Rate Variability and Hjorth Parameters in Electrocardiograms, Seismocardiograms, and Gyrocardiograms.

Valvular heart disease (VHD) is defined as a cardiovascular disease that affects any heart valve and is becoming a major concern for public health due to the growing prevalence, impact on patient quality of life and healthcare costs. In this study, we carried out the classification of valvular heart diseases based on heart rate variability (HRV) indices and Hjorth parameters in electrocardiograms (ECG), seismocardiography (SCG), and gyrocardiogram (GCG) with the Classification Learner App in MATLAB R2024a. The study was carried out on 30 concurrent ECG, SCG, and GCG signals with annotated heartbeats taken from a publicly available dataset. The most frequently used classifier was Efficient Logistic Regression (binary linear classifier). The highest classification accuracy was observed for the detection of mitral regurgitation (86.7% for all signals), followed by mitral stenosis (83.3%-86.7%) and tricupsid regurgitation (70.0%-76.7%). The most relevant features for mitral regurgitation and mitral stenosis were based on frequency domain and ellipse area, except for SCG, and for tricupsid regurgitation were based on time domain for SCG and GCG.