Pneumoperitoneum of the lower gastrointestinal tract.

Pneumoperitoneum due to lower gastrointestinal perforation is an acute clinical situation requiring rapid dia-gnosis and treatment. This condition is often the result of dis-eases such as diverticulitis, malignant tumors, Crohn's dis-ease, or complications of endoscopic examination methods and surgical procedures. If this condition is not treated promptly, it can lead to life-threatening complications. Dia-gnosis relies mainly on imaging techniques such as X-ray, ultrasound, and CT, which allow the detection of free gas in the peritoneal cavity and the localization of the perforation. Treatment is usually surgical and its success depends on the speed of intervention and the general condition of the patient. This article discusses the etiology, dia-gnostic approaches, treatment strategies, and prognostic factors associated with pneumoperitoneum from lower gastrointestinal perforation, with emphasis on current clinical practices and recommendations.