Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
Aberrant ɑSMA expression reveals broad mossy fiber reorganization integrating with tangle and plaque formation and mitoenergetic alteration in the human hippocampus.
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Tu Tian, Zhang Qi-Lei, Sun Zhong-Ping, Kang Chao, Li Dan, Huo Xin-Hua, Zhang Xiao-Jie, Zhang Yan, Cui Mengchao, Pan Aihua, Wang Jian, Yan Xiao-Xin
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Neural network and bioenergetic abnormalities occur with Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis.
METHODS: We explored mossy fiber (MF) and mitoenergetic alteration using ɑ-smooth muscle actin (ɑSMA) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) immunolabeling in human hippocampus relative to tangle and plaque formation by referring to Braak (0-VI) and Thal (0-5) staging scores.
RESULTS: In the brain group with Braak/Thal 0/0 scores (control), ɑSMA labeling occurred in CA3 and dentate gyrus. In groups with 1a to IV/0 and II to VI/1 to 5 scores, ɑSMA labeling appeared in CA2 to subiculum, with increased density in these and the dentate subregions. ɑSMA-labeled MF terminals infiltrated into ghost tangles co-expressing amyloidogenic markers and coexisted among β-secreatse-1 labeled neurites and amyloid beta plaques. COX immunolabeling was increased in CA2 to subiculum in the groups with 1a to IV/0 to 1 compared to 0/0.
DISCUSSION: MF reorganization/dystrophy develops and integrates with tangle and plaque formation and mitoenergetic alteration in the human hippocampus.
METHODS: We explored mossy fiber (MF) and mitoenergetic alteration using ɑ-smooth muscle actin (ɑSMA) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) immunolabeling in human hippocampus relative to tangle and plaque formation by referring to Braak (0-VI) and Thal (0-5) staging scores.
RESULTS: In the brain group with Braak/Thal 0/0 scores (control), ɑSMA labeling occurred in CA3 and dentate gyrus. In groups with 1a to IV/0 and II to VI/1 to 5 scores, ɑSMA labeling appeared in CA2 to subiculum, with increased density in these and the dentate subregions. ɑSMA-labeled MF terminals infiltrated into ghost tangles co-expressing amyloidogenic markers and coexisted among β-secreatse-1 labeled neurites and amyloid beta plaques. COX immunolabeling was increased in CA2 to subiculum in the groups with 1a to IV/0 to 1 compared to 0/0.
DISCUSSION: MF reorganization/dystrophy develops and integrates with tangle and plaque formation and mitoenergetic alteration in the human hippocampus.