Journal of forensic and legal medicine · 2025
Sudden death due to aortic dissection: autopsy study (2011-2023).
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Ben Jomaa Sami, Trabelsi Ines, Bouzid Oumeima, Chebbi Elaa, Salem Nidhal Haj
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Aortic dissection is a life-threatening cardiovascular condition that can result in sudden death. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological and thanatological features of sudden deaths due to aortic dissection.
RESULTS: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of autopsy-confirmed cases over a 12-year period (2011-2023). Aortic dissection accounted for 3.28 % of all sudden deaths. The mean age of the deceased was 54.7 years (range: 19-82 years), with a male predominance (sex ratio M/F = 9). Hypertension was identified in 37.5 % of cases, and Marfan syndrome in 10 %, all in individuals under 40 years of age. Chest pain was reported in 25 % of cases, while discomfort was the most frequent symptom (30 %). The ascending aorta was involved in 60 % of cases. Cardiac tamponade was the most common cause of death (62.5 %), mainly related to type A dissections (92 %). The events occurred predominantly in the morning. In 48 % of cases, individuals were found deceased at home.
CONCLUSION: Sudden death due to aortic dissection occurs most often without prior diagnosis and affects a relatively young, predominantly male population. Autopsy findings provide crucial data to improve early detection and emergency management of this fatal condition.
RESULTS: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of autopsy-confirmed cases over a 12-year period (2011-2023). Aortic dissection accounted for 3.28 % of all sudden deaths. The mean age of the deceased was 54.7 years (range: 19-82 years), with a male predominance (sex ratio M/F = 9). Hypertension was identified in 37.5 % of cases, and Marfan syndrome in 10 %, all in individuals under 40 years of age. Chest pain was reported in 25 % of cases, while discomfort was the most frequent symptom (30 %). The ascending aorta was involved in 60 % of cases. Cardiac tamponade was the most common cause of death (62.5 %), mainly related to type A dissections (92 %). The events occurred predominantly in the morning. In 48 % of cases, individuals were found deceased at home.
CONCLUSION: Sudden death due to aortic dissection occurs most often without prior diagnosis and affects a relatively young, predominantly male population. Autopsy findings provide crucial data to improve early detection and emergency management of this fatal condition.