[Schistosomiasis of the urinary bladder].

Schistosomiasis, a worm infection known as bilharziasis or blood fluke, typically occurs in tropical regions. In temperate climates like Hungary, only imported cases are reported. The disease can affect the skin, gastrointestinal tract, or bladder, depending on the subtype of the worm. We present the case of a 32-year-old male of African origin who visited the urology clinic with macroscopic hematuria. Despite initial antibiotic therapy, the hematuria persisted. A cystoscopy revealed polyp-like lesions in the bladder, which were resected. Histological examination excluded bladder cancer and described a granulomatous and eosinophil granulocyte-rich inflammation. On top of that, the presence of Schistosoma haematobium eggs and sexually mature parasites in the venules was confirmed. After that, antihelmintic therapy was administered, leading to the resolution of symptoms. Notably, this case is the first documented instance of bladder schistosomiasis diagnosed in Hungary. Our paper aims to raise awareness of this rare condition while providing insights into its development, treatment, and potential complications. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(48): 1920–1924.