Journal of affective disorders · 2025
Pubertal timing and tempo and anxiety symptoms, disorders and treatments in Danish adolescents: A population-based follow-up study.
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Thomsen Anne Marie Ladehoff, Ernst Andreas, Strandberg-Larsen Katrine, Rask Charlotte Ulrikka, Gaml-Sørensen Anne, Clemmensen Pernille Jul, Benson Thea Emily, Brix Nis, Arah Onyebuchi A, Ramlau-Hansen Cecilia Høst
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Earlier pubertal timing has been associated with anxiety disorders in girls. Research in boys, and for pubertal tempo in both sexes, are sparse. We aimed to investigate associations between pubertal timing, tempo and anxiety outcomes in 13,208 adolescents from the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC).
METHODS: Information on self-reported Tanner stages, age at menarche, first ejaculation, and voice break was collected half-yearly throughout puberty. Timing and tempo were modeled continuously and categorically (earlier/faster, average, later/slower). We investigated any anxiety disorder diagnosis from the Danish National Patient Register and self-reported social anxiety disorder (SAD) symptoms from the 18-year DNBC follow-up. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression.
RESULTS: In girls, earlier timing and faster tempo tended to be associated with a higher risk of any anxiety disorder diagnosis and self-reported SAD symptoms, whereas later timing and slower tempo appeared to be associated with a lower risk of self-reported SAD symptoms compared to average. Earlier timing of pubic hair development was associated with an OR of 1.49 (95 % CI: 1.05;2.11) for self-reported SAD symptoms, whereas later timing of breast development was associated with an OR of 0.69 (95 % CI: 0.38;1.23) for any anxiety disorder diagnosis compared to average. In boys, findings were inconsistent, with wide CIs crossing the null.
CONCLUSIONS: If earlier and faster puberty increases the risks of an anxiety disorder diagnosis and SAD symptoms, targeted interventions are warranted for girls with early/fast puberty and sub-clinical anxiety. Findings for boys need further exploration.
METHODS: Information on self-reported Tanner stages, age at menarche, first ejaculation, and voice break was collected half-yearly throughout puberty. Timing and tempo were modeled continuously and categorically (earlier/faster, average, later/slower). We investigated any anxiety disorder diagnosis from the Danish National Patient Register and self-reported social anxiety disorder (SAD) symptoms from the 18-year DNBC follow-up. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression.
RESULTS: In girls, earlier timing and faster tempo tended to be associated with a higher risk of any anxiety disorder diagnosis and self-reported SAD symptoms, whereas later timing and slower tempo appeared to be associated with a lower risk of self-reported SAD symptoms compared to average. Earlier timing of pubic hair development was associated with an OR of 1.49 (95 % CI: 1.05;2.11) for self-reported SAD symptoms, whereas later timing of breast development was associated with an OR of 0.69 (95 % CI: 0.38;1.23) for any anxiety disorder diagnosis compared to average. In boys, findings were inconsistent, with wide CIs crossing the null.
CONCLUSIONS: If earlier and faster puberty increases the risks of an anxiety disorder diagnosis and SAD symptoms, targeted interventions are warranted for girls with early/fast puberty and sub-clinical anxiety. Findings for boys need further exploration.