Expert review of anticancer therapy · 2026
Quantitative and qualitative fecal immunochemical tests for colorectal cancer screening in Kazakhstan: a comparative study.
СтатьяСравнительное исследованиеНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Jumanov Abay, Kaidarova Dilyara, Zhylkaidarova Alma, Turkpenova Innara, Oshibayeva Ainash, Myrzakulov Yernar
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Late diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a public health challenge due to limitations in screening programs. This study evaluated the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) as an alternative screening method for CRC detection.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Colonoscopy and immunochemical analysis were used as standard diagnostics. A population-based survey in Kazakhstan assessed disease prevalence and screening outcomes. Diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of haemoccult testing were analyzed, comparing quantitative and qualitative results.
RESULTS: Among 6,000 participants, 9.76% (n = 586) had positive FIT results. Elevated fecal hemoglobin concentrations (≥100 µg Hb/g stool) were found in 3.6% (n = 217), while 96.4% (n = 5786) had lower values. Of 150 clinically significant positive cases, 55 were confirmed, including 5 CRC cases and precancerous conditions. FIT facilitated large-scale screening. The Positive Predictive Value (PPV) for qualitative FIT was 10.4%, and for quantitative FIT (≥100 µg Hb/g), it was 15.7%. The Negative Predictive Value (NPV) for qualitative FIT was 100%, and for quantitative FIT, 99.5%.
CONCLUSION: FIT demonstrates practical value as an efficient screening tool for early CRC detection, with a weak but significant correlation to histological findings (p < 0.01).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Colonoscopy and immunochemical analysis were used as standard diagnostics. A population-based survey in Kazakhstan assessed disease prevalence and screening outcomes. Diagnostic accuracy and prognostic value of haemoccult testing were analyzed, comparing quantitative and qualitative results.
RESULTS: Among 6,000 participants, 9.76% (n = 586) had positive FIT results. Elevated fecal hemoglobin concentrations (≥100 µg Hb/g stool) were found in 3.6% (n = 217), while 96.4% (n = 5786) had lower values. Of 150 clinically significant positive cases, 55 were confirmed, including 5 CRC cases and precancerous conditions. FIT facilitated large-scale screening. The Positive Predictive Value (PPV) for qualitative FIT was 10.4%, and for quantitative FIT (≥100 µg Hb/g), it was 15.7%. The Negative Predictive Value (NPV) for qualitative FIT was 100%, and for quantitative FIT, 99.5%.
CONCLUSION: FIT demonstrates practical value as an efficient screening tool for early CRC detection, with a weak but significant correlation to histological findings (p < 0.01).