Central Sleep Apnea in Cardiovascular Diseases.

This article provides an overview of central sleep apnea (CSA) in the context of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), highlighting its common association with conditions such as heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and cerebrovascular accidents. While the detailed pathophysiology is addressed elsewhere, the article notes that central apneas generally arise during sleep when arterial carbon dioxide levels drop below the apnea threshold, despite variability in underlying mechanisms. It also emphasizes that affected patients are typically normocapnic or hypocapnic rather than hypercapnic. The article focuses on key clinical aspects of CSA in CVD, including its epidemiology, clinical presentation, prognostic significance, and available treatment approaches.