iScience · 2026
Multiplex serological profiling reveals diverse avian and mammalian influenza A virus exposure in swine.
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Wong Foong Ying, Cronin Peter, Zhang Rong, Hidano Arata, Siegers Jurre Y, Low Dolyce H W, Holt Hannah, Leung William, Koeut Dina, Seng Bunnary, Chao Sovanncheypo, Chhay Ty, Tum Sothrya, Sorn San, Chou Monidarin, Bun Kimrong, Y Phalla, Heng Leangyi, Mah Marcus G, Ng Giselle G K, Li Jiayi, Auerswald Heidi, Zeller Michael A, Webby Richard J, Karlsson Erik A, Rudge James W, Smith Gavin J D, Su Yvonne C F
Аннотация
Animal-origin influenza viruses pose significant pandemic threats, with swine serving as key hosts. Serological surveillance in pigs remains limited in regions with intense human-animal-avian contact. Between March 2020 and July 2022, we collected 4,069 pig serum samples in Cambodia, of which 1,321 (32.5%) were influenza A virus (IAV) seropositive by ELISA. We developed a multiplex microsphere immunoassay comprising a broad panel of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) antigens. Seroprevalence was highest for pandemic H1N1/pdm09 (35.3-45.7%) and lower for classical swine H1 (16.4-17.7%) and European avian-like swine H1 (∼15%) lineages. Lineage-specific or shared exposures to multiple lineages were observed, indicating complex infection histories. H3 responses varied by clade, while antibodies to avian H5, H7, and H9 were detected in <8% of IAV-positive sera. These findings underscore the ongoing zoonotic risk posed by diverse IAVs circulating in pigs and highlight the need for integrated serological and genomic surveillance.