Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health: Definition, Staging, Risk Assessment, and Therapeutic Considerations.

Research has revealed that hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus have a common underlying pathophysiology of excess/or dysfunctional adiposity and share similar treatment plans. As a result, the American Heart Association issued a Presidential Advisory on Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) Health. The advisory outlines the definition and stages in the progression of CKM syndrome, with cardiovascular disease as the final outcome. It also emphasizes the importance of evaluating metabolic and social risk factors and considering various therapeutic approaches, including the involvement of a multidisciplinary team.