Analysis of tracheal, bronchial, and lung cancer trends in 204 countries from 1990 to 2021 and the impact of COVID-19.

BACKGROUND

The influence of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) on the disease burden of tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer (TBL) has yet to be explored.

METHODS

Data on the TBL burden for 204 countries and regions was collected annually from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, covering the years 1990 to 2021.

RESULTS

Globally, the disease burden of TBL demonstrates a downward trend. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, a slight increase in the burden of TBL was observed, particularly in high sociodemographic index (SDI) region. The burden of TBL remains higher in males than females, but is decreasing less rapidly in females than in males. The TBL death rate was particularly marked among those aged over 90 years. Globally, the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) attributable to TBL were chiefly linked to smoking (59.50%), ambient particulate matter pollution (15%), occupational risks (13.20%), and secondhand smoke (5.10%) in 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

The burden of TBL has decreased significantly, while a increase in the burden of TBL was noted during the period of COVID-19 epidemic, particularly in SDI region. Policymakers urgently need to establish protective measures for cancer patients, ensuring they receive necessary care when the next global pandemic strikes.