Association of Thyroid Dysfunction With Dyslipidemia and Metabolic Risk in the Health Examination Population: A Retrospective Analysis.

This study aims to investigate the associative relationships between thyroid dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and other metabolic risks among people undergoing health examinations. 305 individuals undergoing routine health examinations were enrolled (June 2023-December 2025). After exclusions, 300 participants were included in the final analysis. Core observation indicators included the thyroid function indices thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4); lipid profile parameters covering total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C); and metabolic markers such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), waist circumference (WC) and blood pressure (BP). Participants were grouped into euthyroid, hyperthyroid, and hypothyroid cohorts by standard thyroid diagnostic criteria. Pearson correlation and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between indicators and risk factors for thyroid dysfunction. Of 300 participants, 224 (74.67%) were euthyroid, 32 (10.67%) hyperthyroid, and 44 (14.66%) hypothyroid. One-way ANOVA demonstrated that participants with hyperthyroidism had lower TSH, higher FT3/FT4, reduced TC/TG/LDL-C, elevated HDL-C, higher FBG, lower WC/diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mild systolic blood pressure (SBP) rise (all p < 0.05) than euthyroidism; hypothyroidism showed the opposite (all p. < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed TSH positively correlated with TC, TG, LDL-C, FBG, WC, SBP, and DBP, and negatively correlated with HDL-C. FT3 and FT4 were negatively correlated with TC, TG, LDL-C, and positively correlated with HDL-C. Both markers had negative correlations with WC and DBP, with FT4 showing a moderate correlation with WC. Multivariate logistic regression confirmed independent associations of dyslipidemia and metabolic abnormalities with thyroid dysfunction in health examination populations. Thyroid dysfunction is closely associated with lipid and metabolic disturbances, and these indicators provide a valuable reference for population screening for chronic diseases. This study was limited by its single-center cross-sectional design, small sample size, and insufficient stratification of thyroid dysfunction subtypes.