Medial-sided Ankle Pain: Deltoid Ligament and Beyond.

Abnormalities of the medial ligaments and posterior tibial tendon can occur because of acute injury or chronic instability or malalignment. Medial ankle injuries may occur because of pronation or supination-external rotation injuries. Deltoid ligament injuries have a significant impact on lateral ankle instability but can be overlooked in patients with lateral ligament injuries. Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is usually associated with spring ligament or flexor retinaculum injury. Tarsal tunnel syndrome, accessory flexor muscles, and subtalar coalition should be considered as well as ligament and tendon tears in differential diagnosis of chronic medial ankle pain.