Salmonella exploits host Rho GTPase signalling pathways through the phosphatase activity of SopB.

Salmonella uses Type 3 secretion systems (T3SSs) to deliver virulence factors, called effectors, into host cells during infection. The T3SS effectors promote invasion into host cells and the generation of a replicative niche. SopB is a T3SS effector that plays an important role in Salmonella pathogenesis through its lipid phosphatase activity. Here, we show that SopB mediates the recruitment of Rho GTPases (RhoB, RhoD, RhoH, and RhoJ) to bacterial invasion sites. RhoJ contributes to Salmonella invasion, and RhoB and RhoH play an important role in Akt activation. R-Ras1 also contributes to SopB-dependent Akt activation by promoting the localised production of PI(3,4)P2 /PI(3,4,5)P3 . Our studies reveal new signalling factors involved in SopB-dependent Salmonella infection.