Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is not the sole echocardiographic phenotype associated with hyperthyroidism in cats: a retrospective study in 147 cats (2005-2025).
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Foulex Pierre, Reslinger Benjamin, Kurtz Maxime, Trehiou Emilie, Poissonnier Camille, Passavin Peggy, Kartout Kahina, Ghazal Sarra, Maurey Christelle, Benchekroun Ghita, Ribas Thibault, Desquilbet Loïc, Chetboul Valérie
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: A hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotype (HCMP) can occur in cats with hyperthyroidism. However, it remains unclear whether other cardiomyopathy phenotypes are also associated with hyperthyroidism in cats.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: Describe the epidemiological, clinical, and echocardiographic findings and cardiomyopathy phenotypes in a large sample of hyperthyroid cats. Compare the echocardiographic features of hyperthyroid cats with HCMP to those of a contemporaneous sample of normotensive euthyroid cats with primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).
ANIMALS: A total of 147 hyperthyroid cats and 112 cats with primary HCM.
METHODS: Retrospective study with review of internal medicine and cardiology service databases (2005-2025).
RESULTS: Most hyperthyroid cats (117/147, 80%) exhibited 1 of the 3 cardiomyopathy phenotypes: HCMP (94/147, 64%), restrictive cardiomyopathy phenotype (RCMP; 20/147, 14%), or nonspecific (3/147, 2%). Hyperthyroid cats with RCMP had significantly higher total thyroxine concentrations (median, 154 nmol/L vs 95 nmol/L) and more dyspnea related to congestive heart failure (80% vs 11%) than those with HCMP (P < .01). A gallop sound was detected in 10% of hyperthyroid cats (14/147), exclusively in those with HCMP (10%, 9/94) or RCMP (25%, 5/20). The end-diastolic left ventricular diameter was higher in hyperthyroid cats with HCMP than in those with primary HCM (P < .01). Subaortic septal hypertrophy was more frequent (95% vs 67%) in cats with primary HCM than in those with hyperthyroidism-associated HCMP (P < .01).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The HCMP is the predominant, but not sole, echocardiographic phenotype observed in hyperthyroid cats. The RCMP is the second most frequent phenotype and may reflect a more severe form of hyperthyroidism.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: Describe the epidemiological, clinical, and echocardiographic findings and cardiomyopathy phenotypes in a large sample of hyperthyroid cats. Compare the echocardiographic features of hyperthyroid cats with HCMP to those of a contemporaneous sample of normotensive euthyroid cats with primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).
ANIMALS: A total of 147 hyperthyroid cats and 112 cats with primary HCM.
METHODS: Retrospective study with review of internal medicine and cardiology service databases (2005-2025).
RESULTS: Most hyperthyroid cats (117/147, 80%) exhibited 1 of the 3 cardiomyopathy phenotypes: HCMP (94/147, 64%), restrictive cardiomyopathy phenotype (RCMP; 20/147, 14%), or nonspecific (3/147, 2%). Hyperthyroid cats with RCMP had significantly higher total thyroxine concentrations (median, 154 nmol/L vs 95 nmol/L) and more dyspnea related to congestive heart failure (80% vs 11%) than those with HCMP (P < .01). A gallop sound was detected in 10% of hyperthyroid cats (14/147), exclusively in those with HCMP (10%, 9/94) or RCMP (25%, 5/20). The end-diastolic left ventricular diameter was higher in hyperthyroid cats with HCMP than in those with primary HCM (P < .01). Subaortic septal hypertrophy was more frequent (95% vs 67%) in cats with primary HCM than in those with hyperthyroidism-associated HCMP (P < .01).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: The HCMP is the predominant, but not sole, echocardiographic phenotype observed in hyperthyroid cats. The RCMP is the second most frequent phenotype and may reflect a more severe form of hyperthyroidism.