Azelaic Acid in Dermatology: A Review of Its Mechanism of Action.

Azelaic acid (AzA) is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid initially studied for its role in skin hypopigmentation and later developed for treating hyperpigmentary disorders due to its tyrosinase inhibition. Over time, AzA has demonstrated therapeutic potential in various dermatological conditions due to its multifaceted mechanisms of action, which remain not entirely understood. This incomplete understanding represents a significant limitation, as elucidating the molecular and cellular pathways involved may not only optimize its current clinical applications but also facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic indications. A comprehensive review of its mechanisms is therefore essential to support evidence-based use and encourage future research into its broader dermatological potential.