[Comprehensive assessment of clinical, functional, and body composition factors related to pressure injuries in older adults in long-term care].

Introduction: pressure injuries (PIs) are chronic wounds of the skin and subcutaneous tissue with multifactorial etiology. They are preventable in 95 % of cases; however, their prevalence reaches up to 33 % among institutionalized individuals. This study comprehensively identified environmental, clinical, nutritional, and functional factors associated with the presence of pressure injuries in institutionalized older adults. Methods: observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study conducted in 55 institutionalized older adults selected by non-probabilistic quota sampling. Nutritional status (MNA), body composition (bioimpedance), functional status (Barthel Index), frailty (FRAIL scale), and presence of PIs (NPUAP) were assessed. The analysis included descriptive statistics, bivariate tests (chi-square, Fisher's exact, Student's t-test), and multivariate logistic regression with stepwise selection, reporting odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals. Results: the majority were women (74.5 %), with a mean age of 86.7 years (SD, 9.8) and a mean institutionalization time of 7.3 years. The prevalence of PIs was 43.6 %. Statistically significant associations were found between PIs and nutritional status (p = 0.027), phase angle (p = 0.007), functional status (p = 0.011), and diaper use (p = 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, diaper use showed an OR of 24 (IC 95 %, 2.57-223.7, p < 0.005). Conclusion: diaper use is an independent risk indicator for PIs in multivariate analysis. Additionally, systematic use of bioimpedance in institutionalized patients contributes to a comprehensive assessment of older adults, strengthening the management of pressure injuries and their clinical context.