Non-invasive ventilation in pediatrics: a narrative review. Part 1: conventional non-invasive ventilation.

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has become an essential component of pediatric respiratory support, offering effective alternatives to invasive mechanical ventilation in both acute and chronic conditions. Advances in technology and a growing understanding of pediatric respiratory physiology have expanded the application of NIV across a range of clinical scenarios, from acute respiratory failure in the intensive care unit to long-term management of neuromuscular and sleep-related breathing disorders in outpatient settings. As part of a review series, in this part 1 we provide an overview of conventional NIV modes in children, highlighting the history of mechanical ventilation, indications, interfaces, conventional modes of NIV and considerations unique to the pediatric population in both acute and chronic care contexts.