Journal of glaucoma · 2026
Glaucoma Blindness and Visual Impairment in India: Findings From the National Blindness Survey.
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Gupta Vivek, Vashist Praveen, Patil Anuja, Gupta Noopur, Senjam Suraj Singh, Shamanna B R, Rajshekhar V, Wadhwani Meenakshi, Bhardwaj Amit, Dada Tanuj
Аннотация
PRCIS: Potentially avoidable blindness due to glaucoma affects 10.4/10000 Indian adults aged ≥50 years. Early detection may prevent vision impairment. Nearly half of the people with unilateral glaucoma-associated vision loss have no perception of light in the affected eye.
PURPOSE: We aimed to estimate the population prevalence and number of persons visually impaired (VI) due to glaucoma in India.
METHODS: Deidentified data from the National Blindness Survey 2015-19 in the population aged ≥50 years were analyzed to estimate vision loss due to glaucoma. Diagnosis was based on optic disc assessments. Prevalence (95% CIs), risk factors (odds ratios, ORs), and burden for 2023 were estimated using thresholds for presenting visual acuity (PVA) in the better eye: <6/18 for moderate-severe visual impairment (MSVI) and <3/60 for blindness.
RESULTS: Eighty-five thousand one hundred thirty-five participants aged ≥50 years were examined, and glaucoma was the cause of VI in 485 (59.6/10000; 95% CI: 47.6-74.7) participants and the most avoidable cause of VI in 181 participants (22.6/10000; 95% CI: 18.1-28.2). This included 96 with blindness (10.4/10000; 95% CI: 7.7-13.8) and 64 with MSVI (8.2/10000; 95% CI: 5.4-12.5). Among 304 with unilateral glaucoma-associated vision loss, 49.3% had no perception of light in the affected eye. Prevalence of avoidable glaucoma MSVI or blindness increased from 11.2/10000 in 50-59 years to 23.7/10000 in 70-79 years age group (adjusted OR 1.8; 95% CI: 1.0-3.0) and was associated with illiteracy ( OR =2.6; 95% CI: 1.2-5.7) and residence in Northern zone of India ( OR =2.9, 95% CI: 1.7-4.8) but not with sex or rural residence.
CONCLUSION: There is a significant burden of vision impairment and blindness caused by glaucoma in India, which needs redressal through policy and programmatic interventions.
PURPOSE: We aimed to estimate the population prevalence and number of persons visually impaired (VI) due to glaucoma in India.
METHODS: Deidentified data from the National Blindness Survey 2015-19 in the population aged ≥50 years were analyzed to estimate vision loss due to glaucoma. Diagnosis was based on optic disc assessments. Prevalence (95% CIs), risk factors (odds ratios, ORs), and burden for 2023 were estimated using thresholds for presenting visual acuity (PVA) in the better eye: <6/18 for moderate-severe visual impairment (MSVI) and <3/60 for blindness.
RESULTS: Eighty-five thousand one hundred thirty-five participants aged ≥50 years were examined, and glaucoma was the cause of VI in 485 (59.6/10000; 95% CI: 47.6-74.7) participants and the most avoidable cause of VI in 181 participants (22.6/10000; 95% CI: 18.1-28.2). This included 96 with blindness (10.4/10000; 95% CI: 7.7-13.8) and 64 with MSVI (8.2/10000; 95% CI: 5.4-12.5). Among 304 with unilateral glaucoma-associated vision loss, 49.3% had no perception of light in the affected eye. Prevalence of avoidable glaucoma MSVI or blindness increased from 11.2/10000 in 50-59 years to 23.7/10000 in 70-79 years age group (adjusted OR 1.8; 95% CI: 1.0-3.0) and was associated with illiteracy ( OR =2.6; 95% CI: 1.2-5.7) and residence in Northern zone of India ( OR =2.9, 95% CI: 1.7-4.8) but not with sex or rural residence.
CONCLUSION: There is a significant burden of vision impairment and blindness caused by glaucoma in India, which needs redressal through policy and programmatic interventions.