The characterization of patients with premature ovarian failure, endometriosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome in women attending comprehensive health centers in Urmia, Iran.

BACKGROUND: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), Premature Ovarian Failure (POF)(menopause before age 40), and Endometriosis (EMs) are major challenges; early detection is vital for effective management, improved outcomes, and sustained health support for women. We aimed to characterize patients with POF, EMs, and PCOS in women attending comprehensive health centers in Urmia, Iran. METHODS: This health center-based study involved 373 women. Medical findings obtained from transvaginal sonography, along with clinical features, signs, symptoms, and biochemical analyses were employed to characterize the women with PCOS, POF, and EMs. RESULTS: The frequency of PCOS, POF, and EMs in the tested population were 17.69%, 0.8%, and 3.5%, respectively. Notable differences were identified among women with PCOS compared to healthy individuals regarding alcohol consumption, the place of residence, menstrual cramps, scale of dysmenorrhea-related pain, menstrual cycle, feeling of an abdominal mass, menstrual back pain, abortion, constipation, amenorrhea, hypomenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, ovarian cyst, abnormal pap smear, vaginal infection, diabetes, hormone therapy, primary infertility, acanthosis, acne, hirsutism, and alopecia. Severe dysmenorrhea-related pain and the sensation of an abdominal mass are key characteristics for effectively screening women with POF. Informative clinical characteristics for EMs include dysmenorrhea, severe dysmenorrhea-related pain, heavy menstrual bleeding, abdominal mass feeling, chronic pelvic discomfort, menstrual back pain, oligomenorrhea, ovarian cysts, primary infertility, acanthosis, and acne. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of women diagnosed with PCOS lived in rural areas. Healthcare systems should place a high priority on women’s health in rural regions, where scarce resources and accessibility issues frequently undermine well-being. It is crucial to emphasize early detection, reproductive health, mental wellness, and social support. Enhancing these services not only improves the quality of life for women but also fortifies community resilience and guarantees fair health opportunities for all rural inhabitants, both now and for future generations to prosper.