Sleep Disorders in Children with Rett Syndrome.

Rett syndrome (RTT) is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder marked by neurological regression, autonomic dysfunction, seizures, and significant sleep and breathing abnormalities. About 80% of affected individuals, especially young children, experience sleep disturbances such as insomnia, sleep-disordered breathing, nocturnal vocalizations, bruxism, and seizures. Breathing irregularities during sleep-like apnea, alternating hyperventilation, and hypoventilation-are common, with both obstructive and central sleep apnea identified through polysomnography. This review focuses on the prevalent sleep disorders in children with Rett syndrome and highlights current recommendations for the management of sleep disorders.