Changes of host DNA methylation in domestic chickens infected with Salmonella enterica.

Cytosine methylation is an effective way to modulate gene transcription.However, very little is knownabout the epigenetic changes in the host that is infected with Salmonella enterica. In this study, we usedmethylatedDNA immunoprecipitation sequencing to analyse the genomewide DNA methylation changes in domestic chickens after infected with Salmonella. The level of DNA methylation was slightly higher in the genomic regions around the transcription start termination sites in a Salmonella-infected group compared to the controls. Overall, 879 peaks were differentially methylated between Salmonella-infected and control groups, among which 135 were located in the gene promoter regions. Genes including MHC class IV antigen, GABARAPL1, MR1 and KDM1B were shown to be methylated more heavily after infected with Salmonella, whereas DYNLRB2, SEC14L3 and ANKIB1 tended to have fewer methylated cytosine residues in the promoter regions.Gene interaction network analysis of differentiallymethylated genes in the promoter regions revealed extensive connections with immune-related genes, indicating the possible impact of infection with Salmonella on the epigenetic status of the host.