Two-Dimensional Inorganic Materials for Skin Wound Healing: Multifunctionality, Challenges, and Opportunities.

2D inorganic materials represent an emerging class of atomically thin nanostructures comprising monolayer or few-layer architectures. Such systems exhibit excellent physicochemical properties, including an ultrahigh specific surface area, exceptional electrical conductivity, and tunable photothermal conversion efficiency. These multifunctional attributes lead to unique biomedical capabilities, such as procoagulant activity, broad-spectrum antimicrobial efficacy, immunomodulatory potential, and radical scavenging properties. Given their degradability and metabolic safety, 2D inorganic materials have recently emerged as promising candidates for regenerative therapy, particularly in the management of complex wounds, including full-thickness skin defects, burn injuries, and diabetic chronic ulcers. Furthermore, mechanistic studies have highlighted their ability to accelerate re-epithelialization, inhibit pathogenic biofilm formation, mitigate the progression of infections, and modulate inflammatory microenvironmental dynamics. This review systematically examines the applications and mechanisms of 2D inorganic materials regarding wound healing, focusing on structure-function transitions, and critically analyzes the advantages and limitations of various fabrication methodologies. In addition, it discusses challenges related to material optimization and long-term biosafety, offering insights into their potential for clinical translation.