Molecular and cellular effects of chronic low-dose X-ray exposure on thyroid function and blood cell parameters in radiology staff.

This study investigated the impact of long-term, low-dose occupational exposure to X-rays on thyroid function and hematological parameters in radiology staff. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 136 radiology and radiation-related employees. Thyroid status, assessed via ultrasonography and serum T3, T4, and TSH measurements, was compared with complete blood counts (CBC). While no significant gender-based differences in thyroid hormones or structure were observed, TSH levels correlated significantly with occupational group (P=0.016), and T3 levels correlated with working hours (P=0.03). Radiologists exhibited higher RDW-CV compared to radiographers and other staff (P=0.009). Significant gender differences were noted in lymphocyte counts, hemoglobin, red blood cells, and hematocrit. In males, WBC and MCHC fluctuated significantly with increased working hours. These findings suggest that chronic, low-dose X-ray exposure may influence thyroid hormone regulation and hematopoiesis in radiology professionals. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms and to refine radiation safety protocols.