Tracheobronchial amyloidosis in a 64-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus and Sjögren's syndrome: a case report.

Tracheobronchial amyloidosis (TBA) is an extremely rare and localized form of amyloidosis. Effective curative therapies for amyloidosis are lacking, and no standardized guidelines exist. Here, we report a 64-year-old female with a 20-year history of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) and 30-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who presented with progressive dyspnea. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed tracheal and bronchial stenosis. Bronchoscopy showed submucosal nodular shadows and luminal narrowing, initially suspected as lung cancer. Biopsy confirmed TBA. Bronchoscopic interventions including argon plasma coagulation (APC) and mechanical debulking alleviated symptoms. Three-month follow-up showed significant improvement. This case highlights diagnostic challenges of TBA due to nonspecific manifestations and underscores the importance of considering TBA in SS patients with airway lesions. Congo red staining remains the diagnostic gold standard.