ESC heart failure · 2025
Clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Guo Meng, Liu Chuanfen, Ye Jingjing, Liu Jian
Аннотация
AIMS: As a special type of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), apical HCM (ApHCM) has different clinical characteristics while its nature history and prognosis are not well recognized. We aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes of ApHCM and identify predictors of adverse outcomes.
METHODS: In this single-centre retrospective study, we included 479 patients with HCM and divided them into ApHCM and non-ApHCM groups. Clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and survival data were compared between the groups. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac events in hospital and during follow-up. A two-sided P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: A total of 109 ApHCM patients and 370 non-ApHCM patients were analysed and 379 patients completed the follow-up among them. The age of enrolled patients was 61.0 (50.0-69.0) years, and 289 (60.3%) were male. Compared with non-ApHCM patients, ApHCM patients were older at diagnosis [55.0 (45.0-64.0) vs. 50.0 (40.0-61.0) years, P = 0.006] and had less positive family history for HCM [3 (2.8%) vs. 34 (9.2%), P = 0.027], more electrocardiographic abnormalities [101 (92.7%) vs. 287 (77.6%), P < 0.001], lower brain natriuretic peptide level [135.5 (60.8-272.8) vs. 422.5 (182.8-888.2) pg/mL, P < 0.001] and better left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) [69.00 (64.00-73.87) vs. 67.00 (60.24-73.45) %, P = 0.048] at baseline. During a median follow-up of 5.59 (2.33-10.30) years, the primary outcome occurred less frequently in ApHCM patients [11.4% vs 27.2%; hazard ratio (HR)adj 0.360 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.187-0.696), P = 0.002; log rank P = 0.001]. Specifically, ApHCM was characterized by fewer all-cause death (HRadj 0.545, 95% CI: 0.305-0.975; P = 0.041) and fatal ventricular arrhythmia or appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator intervention (HRadj 0.099, 95% CI: 0.013-0.724; P = 0.023). LVEF (HRadj 0.861, 95% CI: 0.763-0.971; P = 0.015) and age (HRadj 1.247, 95% CI: 1.095-1.419; P = 0.001) were identified as independent predictors of the composite outcome in ApHCM.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ApHCM may have better prognosis. LVEF and age were independent predictors of long-term outcomes in ApHCM.
METHODS: In this single-centre retrospective study, we included 479 patients with HCM and divided them into ApHCM and non-ApHCM groups. Clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic and survival data were compared between the groups. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiac events in hospital and during follow-up. A two-sided P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS: A total of 109 ApHCM patients and 370 non-ApHCM patients were analysed and 379 patients completed the follow-up among them. The age of enrolled patients was 61.0 (50.0-69.0) years, and 289 (60.3%) were male. Compared with non-ApHCM patients, ApHCM patients were older at diagnosis [55.0 (45.0-64.0) vs. 50.0 (40.0-61.0) years, P = 0.006] and had less positive family history for HCM [3 (2.8%) vs. 34 (9.2%), P = 0.027], more electrocardiographic abnormalities [101 (92.7%) vs. 287 (77.6%), P < 0.001], lower brain natriuretic peptide level [135.5 (60.8-272.8) vs. 422.5 (182.8-888.2) pg/mL, P < 0.001] and better left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) [69.00 (64.00-73.87) vs. 67.00 (60.24-73.45) %, P = 0.048] at baseline. During a median follow-up of 5.59 (2.33-10.30) years, the primary outcome occurred less frequently in ApHCM patients [11.4% vs 27.2%; hazard ratio (HR)adj 0.360 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.187-0.696), P = 0.002; log rank P = 0.001]. Specifically, ApHCM was characterized by fewer all-cause death (HRadj 0.545, 95% CI: 0.305-0.975; P = 0.041) and fatal ventricular arrhythmia or appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator intervention (HRadj 0.099, 95% CI: 0.013-0.724; P = 0.023). LVEF (HRadj 0.861, 95% CI: 0.763-0.971; P = 0.015) and age (HRadj 1.247, 95% CI: 1.095-1.419; P = 0.001) were identified as independent predictors of the composite outcome in ApHCM.
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ApHCM may have better prognosis. LVEF and age were independent predictors of long-term outcomes in ApHCM.