Lung Ultrasound and Electrical Impedance Tomography for Monitoring Lung Injury.

Individualizing mechanical ventilation requires monitoring tools able of describing lung morphology and function in real time, without exposing the patient to interrupting treatment. Lung ultrasound (LUS) and electrical impedance tomography (EIT) address this need with complementary approaches: LUS provides a morphological reading based on artifacts and direct signs, while EIT provides dynamic functional maps of ventilatory distribution and response to changes in PEEP, tidal volume, or decubitus position. This article summarizes physical principles, operating protocols, and clinically useful indices discussing applications in ARDS/ventilator-induced lung injury, protonation, PEEP optimization, and weaning.