Congenital Tracheal Stenosis: The Challenge of Complete Tracheal Rings.

Congenital tracheal stenosis (CTS) from complete tracheal rings is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition necessitating complex multidisciplinary management. This clinical review explores the anatomic patterns of CTS and discusses diagnostic nuances, emphasizing the use of ultrasmall instrumentation to avoid mucosal trauma. We detail the historical failure of graft-based repairs and the paradigm shift brought by slide tracheoplasty. Current surgical management for long-segment and short-segment disease is discussed, emphasizing the narrowest point philosophy, 45-degree beveled incisions, and internal Grillo sutures. Finally, we address the management of technical complications and the coordinated aerodigestive model of care.