International ophthalmology · 2026
Therapeutic effects of Chelidonium majus on ocular surface ınflammation and tear film homeostasis in a benzalkonium chloride-ınduced rat model of dry eye disease.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Unal Adem, Bozkurt Oflaz Ayse, Cetin Nihal, Yayla Muhammed, Menevse Esma, Celik Zeliha Esin, Tugay Osman, Bozkurt Banu
Аннотация
PURPOSE: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder characterized by tear film instability and chronic inflammation. Natural compounds with anti-inflammatory activity have therefore attracted increasing interest. Chelidonium majus (C. majus) latex contains bioactive alkaloids with proven anti-inflammatory properties; however, its potential role in DED has not yet been investigated.
METHODS: Forty-six Wistar rats were randomized into six groups: Control, DED, Loteprednol etabonate (LE), and three C. majus latex dilutions (1/1, 1/10, 1/100). DED was induced by twice-daily instillation of 0.2% benzalkonium chloride (BAC) for 14 days. Following induction, LE or C. majus latex was administered according to group allocation; controls received vehicle. Tear volume (phenol red thread test), fluorescein corneal staining score (CSS), and Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometry were measured on days 0, 14, 21, and 28. On day 29, corneal tissues were analyzed by ELISA for TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, NF-κB, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-2, AQP1, and AQP5, and underwent histopathological evaluation (H&E). Latex composition was characterized using LC-QTOF-MS. Statistical analysis included ANOVA with post hoc Tukey testing; p < 0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS: At week 2, the DED groups demonstrated reduced tear volume (2.13 ± 0.83 mm) and increased corneal staining scores (CSS) (4.63 ± 1.06). By week 4, tear secretion improved in the LE (4.38 ± 0.52 mm) and in the C. majus 1/1 (4.56 ± 0.56 mm), 1/10 (4.88 ± 0.52 mm), and 1/100 (4.56 ± 0.50 mm) groups, approaching values observed in the control group. CSS decreased markedly in the C. majus 1/10 (0.38 ± 0.52) and LE (1.13 ± 0.83) groups, whereas the DED group remained elevated (2.38 ± 0.52). Corneal sensitivity improved in the LE and C. majus 1/1 (3.44 ± 0.42 mm), 1/10 (3.75 ± 0.27 mm), and 1/100 (3.50 ± 0.46 mm) groups. Inflammatory cytokines and MMP-2/9 levels decreased significantly across treatment groups, with the most pronounced reductions observed in the C. majus 1/10 group. Histopathological analysis revealed better preservation of stromal architecture and reduced inflammatory infiltration in treated groups compared with the DED group.
CONCLUSIONS: Chelidonium majus latex demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective effects in this experimental model, supporting further investigation as a potential adjunctive approach in inflammatory DED.
METHODS: Forty-six Wistar rats were randomized into six groups: Control, DED, Loteprednol etabonate (LE), and three C. majus latex dilutions (1/1, 1/10, 1/100). DED was induced by twice-daily instillation of 0.2% benzalkonium chloride (BAC) for 14 days. Following induction, LE or C. majus latex was administered according to group allocation; controls received vehicle. Tear volume (phenol red thread test), fluorescein corneal staining score (CSS), and Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometry were measured on days 0, 14, 21, and 28. On day 29, corneal tissues were analyzed by ELISA for TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ, NF-κB, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-2, AQP1, and AQP5, and underwent histopathological evaluation (H&E). Latex composition was characterized using LC-QTOF-MS. Statistical analysis included ANOVA with post hoc Tukey testing; p < 0.05 was considered significant.
RESULTS: At week 2, the DED groups demonstrated reduced tear volume (2.13 ± 0.83 mm) and increased corneal staining scores (CSS) (4.63 ± 1.06). By week 4, tear secretion improved in the LE (4.38 ± 0.52 mm) and in the C. majus 1/1 (4.56 ± 0.56 mm), 1/10 (4.88 ± 0.52 mm), and 1/100 (4.56 ± 0.50 mm) groups, approaching values observed in the control group. CSS decreased markedly in the C. majus 1/10 (0.38 ± 0.52) and LE (1.13 ± 0.83) groups, whereas the DED group remained elevated (2.38 ± 0.52). Corneal sensitivity improved in the LE and C. majus 1/1 (3.44 ± 0.42 mm), 1/10 (3.75 ± 0.27 mm), and 1/100 (3.50 ± 0.46 mm) groups. Inflammatory cytokines and MMP-2/9 levels decreased significantly across treatment groups, with the most pronounced reductions observed in the C. majus 1/10 group. Histopathological analysis revealed better preservation of stromal architecture and reduced inflammatory infiltration in treated groups compared with the DED group.
CONCLUSIONS: Chelidonium majus latex demonstrated significant anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective effects in this experimental model, supporting further investigation as a potential adjunctive approach in inflammatory DED.