European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology · 2026
Trends and disparities in cancer mortality involving intracerebral hemorrhage in the United States from 1999 to 2020.
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Zhan Zhixin, Hong Xinyu, Qiu Junhui, Yan Xin, Qin Xiaowei, Wang Yubo
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a serious neurological event and a potentially fatal complication among patients with cancer; however, the mortality patterns of cancer involving ICH remain inadequately characterized.
METHODS: This study analyzed trends and disparities in cancer mortality involving ICH in the United States from 1999 to 2020 using the CDC WONDER database. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 population were calculated for deaths with cancer as the underlying cause and documented ICH as a contributing cause. Temporal trends were evaluated using Joinpoint regression to estimate annual percent changes (APCs) and average annual percent changes (AAPCs), with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS: A total of 26,652 cancer deaths involving ICH were identified. The overall AAMR declined from 0.48 per 100,000 in 1999 to 0.34 in 2020 (AAPC -1.55; 95% CI -1.93 to -1.05). Mortality rates were consistently higher among males, individuals aged ≥65 years, Black individuals, and residents of the Midwest. Although AAMRs decreased across all demographic groups, declines were slower among males, older adults, White individuals, and residents of the South. Across cancer subtypes, hematologic, respiratory and intrathoracic, and central nervous system cancers exhibited the highest mortality burden. Digestive system cancers were the only subtype with a significant long-term increase (AAPC 2.11; 95% CI 0.66 to 3.65).
CONCLUSIONS: Although cancer mortality involving ICH declined modestly over the study period, substantial disparities persist. These findings highlight the need to integrate cerebrovascular risk assessment into cancer management and survivorship care, particularly for high-risk populations and cancer subtypes.
METHODS: This study analyzed trends and disparities in cancer mortality involving ICH in the United States from 1999 to 2020 using the CDC WONDER database. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 population were calculated for deaths with cancer as the underlying cause and documented ICH as a contributing cause. Temporal trends were evaluated using Joinpoint regression to estimate annual percent changes (APCs) and average annual percent changes (AAPCs), with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS: A total of 26,652 cancer deaths involving ICH were identified. The overall AAMR declined from 0.48 per 100,000 in 1999 to 0.34 in 2020 (AAPC -1.55; 95% CI -1.93 to -1.05). Mortality rates were consistently higher among males, individuals aged ≥65 years, Black individuals, and residents of the Midwest. Although AAMRs decreased across all demographic groups, declines were slower among males, older adults, White individuals, and residents of the South. Across cancer subtypes, hematologic, respiratory and intrathoracic, and central nervous system cancers exhibited the highest mortality burden. Digestive system cancers were the only subtype with a significant long-term increase (AAPC 2.11; 95% CI 0.66 to 3.65).
CONCLUSIONS: Although cancer mortality involving ICH declined modestly over the study period, substantial disparities persist. These findings highlight the need to integrate cerebrovascular risk assessment into cancer management and survivorship care, particularly for high-risk populations and cancer subtypes.