Research progress on molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets of blood-brain barrier dysfunction secondary to intracerebral hemorrhage.

Cerebral hemorrhage represents a neurological crisis with significant mortality. Once ICH impairs the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), blood components and immune cells are allowed to infiltrate the neural parenchyma. This invasion sets off a cascade of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, which together fan the flames of subsequent brain damage. However, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. This narrative review briefly outlines the dynamic changes in permeability following intracerebral hemorrhage. It emphasizes the roles of blood component toxicity, immune cell infiltration, and oxidative stress during BBB disruption. The paper summarizes potential therapeutic molecular targets and emerging treatment approaches aimed at protecting and repairing the BBB, while also proposing future research directions.