Protective Effect of S-Methylcysteine Against Toxoplasma gondii-Induced Reproductive Toxicity in Female Albino Rats.

BACKGROUND: Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is a zoonotic parasite that causes severe disease, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Current treatments have significant side effects and are ineffective against the latent stage of the parasite. S-Methylcysteine (SMC), a compound from garlic, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but its efficacy against T. gondii is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the in vivo effects of SMC on T. gondii infection, focusing on hormonal and histopathological changes and its therapeutic potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-eight adult female albino rats were divided into eight groups of six. Four groups were infected intra-vaginally with 200 T. gondii cysts, while controls received saline. For two months, treatment groups were administered daily doses of SMC (50 mg/kg), Spiramycin (200 mg/kg), or a combination of both via gastric tube. After sacrifice, blood samples were collected for hormonal analysis (estrogen, progesterone, LH, FSH). The ovaries and uterus were excised and histologically examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining for microscopic evaluation. RESULTS: Toxoplasma gondii infection caused significant hormonal disruption and severe uterine and ovarian inflammation. Treatment with either SP or SMC alone partially mitigated these effects. However, the combined SMC and Spiramycin treatment showed the most significant improvement, significantly mitigated hormonal imbalances and promoted substantial tissue recovery. CONCLUSION: S-Methylcysteine shows promising therapeutic potential in ameliorating the hormonal and histopathological damage associated with T. gondii infection, especially when combined with Spiramycin. Future studies, including human clinical trials, are needed to investigate its mechanisms and confirm its safety and effectiveness.