Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2026
Edentulism, severe tooth loss, and lack of functional dentition in elderly people in Brazil: prevalence and social inequalities in the 2023 National Oral Health Survey.
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da Silva Renato Canevari Dutra, Guerra Heloísa Silva, Meller Fernanda de Oliveira, de Quadra Cleidiane Aparecida, Camargo Júnior Elton Brás, Schäfer Antônio Augusto
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of edentulism, severe tooth loss, and lack of functional dentition among older adults in Brazil and to analyze associated social, racial, and regional inequalities, based on the 2023 National Oral Health Survey.
METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with individuals aged ≥65 years. Outcomes included edentulism, severe tooth loss (0-8 teeth), and lack of functional dentition (<21 teeth). Associations were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance.
RESULTS: A total of 9,746 older adults were included. The prevalence of edentulism was 36.5%, severe tooth loss 48.1%, and lack of functional dentition 72.9%. In the adjusted analysis, women showed higher prevalence of all outcomes, which also increased with age. Low educational level was the main factor associated with worse oral health conditions: individuals with no schooling had higher prevalence of edentulism (PR=3.62; 95%CI: 2.48-5.30) and severe tooth loss (PR=3.79; 95%CI: 3.00-5.17), as well as higher prevalence of lack of functional dentition (PR=1.82; 95%CI: 1.52-2.19), compared to those with higher education. Brown-skinned individuals had higher prevalence of severe tooth loss and lack of functional dentition, while living in capital cities was associated with lower prevalence of edentulism.
CONCLUSION: Edentulism, severe tooth loss, and lack of functional dentition remain strongly associated with social, racial, and regional inequalities in Brazil. These findings highlight the need for public policies focused on oral health equity, emphasizing prevention, prosthetic rehabilitation, and expanded access to services for vulnerable populations.
METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with individuals aged ≥65 years. Outcomes included edentulism, severe tooth loss (0-8 teeth), and lack of functional dentition (<21 teeth). Associations were estimated using Poisson regression with robust variance.
RESULTS: A total of 9,746 older adults were included. The prevalence of edentulism was 36.5%, severe tooth loss 48.1%, and lack of functional dentition 72.9%. In the adjusted analysis, women showed higher prevalence of all outcomes, which also increased with age. Low educational level was the main factor associated with worse oral health conditions: individuals with no schooling had higher prevalence of edentulism (PR=3.62; 95%CI: 2.48-5.30) and severe tooth loss (PR=3.79; 95%CI: 3.00-5.17), as well as higher prevalence of lack of functional dentition (PR=1.82; 95%CI: 1.52-2.19), compared to those with higher education. Brown-skinned individuals had higher prevalence of severe tooth loss and lack of functional dentition, while living in capital cities was associated with lower prevalence of edentulism.
CONCLUSION: Edentulism, severe tooth loss, and lack of functional dentition remain strongly associated with social, racial, and regional inequalities in Brazil. These findings highlight the need for public policies focused on oral health equity, emphasizing prevention, prosthetic rehabilitation, and expanded access to services for vulnerable populations.