Surgical Repair of True Abdominal Wall Hernias in Two Budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus).

Two budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) were presented for coelomic distension. Contrast barium gastrointestinal radiographic examination showed that both birds had abdominal wall hernias containing intestinal loops. Tenesmus was observed in both patients, and hernia repair surgery was performed. In case 1, an X-shaped incision was made in the skin covering the patient's hernia. This was followed by a transverse incision of the hernial sac and removal of the oviduct, as the hernial contents exceeded the capacity of the intestinal peritoneal cavity. The intestine was reduced into the peritoneal cavity, and the hernial ring was closed. In case 2, a ring-shaped skin incision was made over the patient's hernia and hernial sac. The removal of the oviduct followed this because the hernial contents could not be reduced to the intestinal peritoneal cavity. Because of the intestinal enlargement, it could not be completely reinserted into the cavity and the hernial ring could not be closed. In both patients, the hernial ring was formed by a transverse rent in the aponeurosis between the distal pubic bones. The hernial sac consisted of double-layered septae composed of fibrous connective and adipose tissue, with no muscular tissue. The hernial sac was likely formed in the parietal peritoneum of the ventral body wall, based on its anatomical location and histopathological characteristics. These findings confirm that both patients had true hernias. This report describes the site of formation of the hernial ring and the structure of the hernial sac in budgerigars.