Frontiers in public health · 2026
Self-rated functioning in family, social, and social-life domains in relation to reasons for living among young adults: a cross-sectional study.
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Nieradko-Heluszko Agnieszka, Rył Aleksandra, Giezek Marta, Karakiewicz Beata
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Suicide prevention research has increasingly emphasized protective factors in addition to risk factors. Reasons for living represent a protective construct in suicidology, reflecting beliefs and commitments that may discourage suicidal behavior. However, less is known about how self-rated functioning in family, social, and social-life domains is associated with reasons for living among young adults.
METHODS: An anonymous cross-sectional online survey using non-probability convenience sampling was conducted between March and June 2025 among 546 young adults aged 18-35 years in Poland. Reasons for living were assessed using the Polish adaptation of the Reasons for Living Inventory. Life satisfaction and general self-efficacy were measured using the Satisfaction With Life Scale and General Self-Efficacy Scale. Participants rated family, social, and social-life functioning on five-point scales. Hierarchical multiple linear regression examined associations with reasons for living after accounting for selected sociodemographic and family-related factors, life satisfaction, and general self-efficacy.
RESULTS: Reasons for living were positively correlated with life satisfaction, general self-efficacy, and self-rated functioning in all three domains. Selected sociodemographic and family-related variables explained 8.2% of the variance. Adding life satisfaction and general self-efficacy increased explained variance by 16.0%, and adding family, social, and social-life functioning contributed a further 1.4% (p = 0.022). The fully adjusted model explained 25.6% of the variance. Life satisfaction showed the strongest positive standardized association, followed by parenthood and general self-efficacy. Family functioning was also positively associated with reasons for living, whereas social and social-life functioning were not independently associated. In a sensitivity analysis excluding Responsibility to Family and Child-Related Concerns items, the association with family functioning was attenuated and no longer statistically significant, whereas parenthood remained positively associated with the non-family-content outcome.
CONCLUSION: In this convenience sample, reasons for living were cross-sectionally associated with psychological resources and family-related factors. The family-functioning association was sensitive to family-related RFL-48 content, whereas the parenthood association persisted after this content was excluded. Given the non-probability sampling strategy and predominance of women, the findings should not be interpreted as population estimates for Polish young adults. Causal interpretations require longitudinal research, and intervention-related implications require intervention studies.
METHODS: An anonymous cross-sectional online survey using non-probability convenience sampling was conducted between March and June 2025 among 546 young adults aged 18-35 years in Poland. Reasons for living were assessed using the Polish adaptation of the Reasons for Living Inventory. Life satisfaction and general self-efficacy were measured using the Satisfaction With Life Scale and General Self-Efficacy Scale. Participants rated family, social, and social-life functioning on five-point scales. Hierarchical multiple linear regression examined associations with reasons for living after accounting for selected sociodemographic and family-related factors, life satisfaction, and general self-efficacy.
RESULTS: Reasons for living were positively correlated with life satisfaction, general self-efficacy, and self-rated functioning in all three domains. Selected sociodemographic and family-related variables explained 8.2% of the variance. Adding life satisfaction and general self-efficacy increased explained variance by 16.0%, and adding family, social, and social-life functioning contributed a further 1.4% (p = 0.022). The fully adjusted model explained 25.6% of the variance. Life satisfaction showed the strongest positive standardized association, followed by parenthood and general self-efficacy. Family functioning was also positively associated with reasons for living, whereas social and social-life functioning were not independently associated. In a sensitivity analysis excluding Responsibility to Family and Child-Related Concerns items, the association with family functioning was attenuated and no longer statistically significant, whereas parenthood remained positively associated with the non-family-content outcome.
CONCLUSION: In this convenience sample, reasons for living were cross-sectionally associated with psychological resources and family-related factors. The family-functioning association was sensitive to family-related RFL-48 content, whereas the parenthood association persisted after this content was excluded. Given the non-probability sampling strategy and predominance of women, the findings should not be interpreted as population estimates for Polish young adults. Causal interpretations require longitudinal research, and intervention-related implications require intervention studies.