Autologous Tooth-Derived Biomaterials in Alveolar Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review of Clinical Outcomes and Histological Evidence.

BACKGROUND

Autologous tooth-derived grafts have recently gained attention as an innovative alternative to conventional biomaterials for alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) and augmentation (ARA). Their structural similarity to bone and osteoinductive potential support clinical use.

METHODS

This systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251108128). A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2010-2025). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), split-mouth, and prospective clinical studies evaluating autologous dentin-derived grafts were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias using Cochrane RoB 2.0 (for RCTs) and ROBINS-I (for non-randomized studies).

RESULTS

Nine studies involving 321 patients were included. Autologous dentin grafts effectively preserved ridge dimensions, with horizontal and vertical bone loss significantly reduced compared to controls. Histomorphometric analyses reported 42-56% new bone formation within 4-6 months, with minimal residual graft particles and favorable vascularization. Implant survival ranged from 96-100%, with stable marginal bone levels and no major complications.

CONCLUSIONS

Autologous tooth-derived biomaterials represent a safe, biologically active, and cost-effective option for alveolar bone regeneration, showing comparable or superior results to xenografts and autologous bone. Further standardized, long-term RCTs are warranted to confirm their role in clinical practice.