Disorders of Pigmentation.

Disorders of pigmentation encompass a wide range of conditions categorized into hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, and depigmentation, each with distinct etiologies, clinical presentations, and implications. This article outlines the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies for these pigmentary disorders for primary care physicians. Recognizing systemic associations and rare presentations is also essential for primary care physicians to diagnose and guide treatment or dermatologic referral.