A rare complication of internal jugular venous catheterization in spinal fracture surgery: A case report.

RATIONALE: Central venous catheterization is common procedure in emergency and critical care settings to establish rapid vascular access. However, it carries a risk of severe complications, including catheter malposition.

PATIENT CONCERNS: A 56-year-old male patient presented with multiple fractures following severe trauma.

DIAGNOSES: The patient was diagnosed with compression fractures of the T8 and L1 vertebrae with spinal canal stenosis. On postoperative day 3, routine chest imaging revealed malposition of the internal jugular vein catheter into the superior mediastinum, resulting in bilateral chylothorax.

INTERVENTIONS: The patient underwent posterior open reduction and pedicle screw fixation of the fractured vertebrae. Bilateral pleural drainage and supportive therapy were administered to manage the chylothorax.

OUTCOMES: Following the interventions, the patient's condition improved progressively, and he was discharged in stable condition on postoperative day 12.

LESSONS: This case highlights the importance of careful catheter placement and early recognition of rare complications such as catheter-related chylothorax to improve patient outcomes. Early recognition and prompt management are essential for preventing morbidity and improving patient outcomes.