Expert opinion on drug delivery · 2026
Soft‑mist inhaler spray dynamics and laryngeal deposition in upper airway models.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Vara Almirall Brenda, Wong Chun Yuen Jerry, Ang Hua Qian, Traini Daniela, Singh Narinder, Inthavong Kiao
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Targeted laryngeal drug delivery is clinically valuable for procedures requiring rapid topical anesthesia. This study evaluated how the mist from a soft-mist inhaler (Softbreezer) interacts with realistic upper-airway anatomy to influence lidocaine deposition.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: An in vitro experimental setup was used to assess deposition from the soft mist inhaler across four upper-airway geometries: two simplified models and two subject-specific models. Each model was tested at inhalation flow rates of 15 and 30 L min-1. Deposition was quantified across five anatomical regions. High-speed imaging (6100 fps, 20 μs exposure) characterized plume velocity and cone angle.
RESULTS: Droplet size distributions were consistent across flow rates (Dv 50≈ 16 μm). The subject-specific realistic oral inhalation model achieved the highest laryngeal deposition at 5.3% of the delivered dose at 30 L min-1, compared with 2.1% in the simplified Virginia Commonwealth University model and 1.6% in the subject-specific artificially opened mouth model. The United States Pharmacopoeia model underestimated upper-airway deposition. High-speed imaging confirmed a slow, coherent plume with minimal turbulence.
CONCLUSIONS: Physiologically realistic airway geometry captured during oral inhalation should more accurately represent the flow transitions governing laryngeal deposition.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: An in vitro experimental setup was used to assess deposition from the soft mist inhaler across four upper-airway geometries: two simplified models and two subject-specific models. Each model was tested at inhalation flow rates of 15 and 30 L min-1. Deposition was quantified across five anatomical regions. High-speed imaging (6100 fps, 20 μs exposure) characterized plume velocity and cone angle.
RESULTS: Droplet size distributions were consistent across flow rates (Dv 50≈ 16 μm). The subject-specific realistic oral inhalation model achieved the highest laryngeal deposition at 5.3% of the delivered dose at 30 L min-1, compared with 2.1% in the simplified Virginia Commonwealth University model and 1.6% in the subject-specific artificially opened mouth model. The United States Pharmacopoeia model underestimated upper-airway deposition. High-speed imaging confirmed a slow, coherent plume with minimal turbulence.
CONCLUSIONS: Physiologically realistic airway geometry captured during oral inhalation should more accurately represent the flow transitions governing laryngeal deposition.