[Translated article] New Insights on the Etiopathogenesis of Vitiligo.

Vitiligo is an acquired skin disorder characterised by progressive depigmentation of the skin due to selective loss of melanocytes. Its aetiopathogenesis is complex and multifactorial, involving an interaction between genetic, immunological and environmental factors. Recent evidence leans towards an integrated model in which autoimmunity, mediated mainly by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and inflammatory cytokines, plays a central role. In addition, oxidative stress contributes significantly to melanocyte dysfunction and apoptosis. Genetic studies have identified numerous loci associated with vitiligo, most notably the involvement of genes related to adaptive and innate immunity as well as cellular metabolism. Environmental factors such as trauma, chemical exposure and psychosocial stress may also act as triggers in predisposed individuals. This review synthesises the most recent advances in the aetiopathogenesis of vitiligo, providing a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms involved and opening up new possibilities for the development of therapeutic approaches based on this knowledge.