Fitoterapia · 2025
Oral Salvia officinalis phenolics abolish mortality and mitigate inflammation in acute TNBS murine colitis.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Direito Rosa, Rocha João, de Melo Inês Alves, Gonçalves Margarida, Duarte Maria Paula, Fernandes Adelaide, Sepodes Bruno, Figueira Maria-Eduardo
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: This study is the first to evaluate a phenolic extract of Salvia officinalis in the TNBS murine model of colitis. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves transmural oxidative and nitrosative stress that up-regulates inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclo‑oxygenase-2 (COX-2). Although phenolic constituents of S. officinalis are anti-inflammatory in vitro, their efficacy has never been tested in the trinitrobenzene-sulphonic acid (TNBS) model of colitis.
METHODS: Aqueous-ethanolic sage leaves were extracted and standardized [(total phenolics = 6208 ± 200 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) L-1; rosmarinic acid = 1.4 g/L). Male CD-1 mice received intracolonic TNBS (2.5 % w/v, 100 μL). Two hours later, and once daily for four days, they were gavaged with vehicle or sage extract (15 mg phenolic acids kg-1). Disease-activity index, colon length, macroscopic and histological scores, iNOS/COX-2 immunostaining, and survival (Kaplan-Meier) were recorded.
RESULTS: Extract markedly attenuated TNBS injury: diarrhea score fell from 3.0 ± 0.0 to 0.3 ± 0.2, ulcer length from 3.6 ± 0.1 cm to 0.8 ± 0.2 cm, and colon shortening was prevented (11.8 ± 0.2 to 12.9 ± 0.2 cm). Mortality dropped from 36 % to 0 %. Histology improved (score 3 to 1) and iNOS, COX-2 over-expression was normalized (4.25 to 2.19-fold and 2.48 to 1.03-fold, respectively). Ancillary paw-edema and cell-migration assays confirmed anti-inflammatory activity without indicating anti-metastatic effects.
CONCLUSIONS: The extract given orally affords the first demonstrated protection against acute TNBS colitis, normalizing key inflammatory markers and abolishing procedure-related mortality. Sage phenolics indicate promising multitarget leads for IBD therapy, meriting chronic-model and pharmacokinetic evaluation.
METHODS: Aqueous-ethanolic sage leaves were extracted and standardized [(total phenolics = 6208 ± 200 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) L-1; rosmarinic acid = 1.4 g/L). Male CD-1 mice received intracolonic TNBS (2.5 % w/v, 100 μL). Two hours later, and once daily for four days, they were gavaged with vehicle or sage extract (15 mg phenolic acids kg-1). Disease-activity index, colon length, macroscopic and histological scores, iNOS/COX-2 immunostaining, and survival (Kaplan-Meier) were recorded.
RESULTS: Extract markedly attenuated TNBS injury: diarrhea score fell from 3.0 ± 0.0 to 0.3 ± 0.2, ulcer length from 3.6 ± 0.1 cm to 0.8 ± 0.2 cm, and colon shortening was prevented (11.8 ± 0.2 to 12.9 ± 0.2 cm). Mortality dropped from 36 % to 0 %. Histology improved (score 3 to 1) and iNOS, COX-2 over-expression was normalized (4.25 to 2.19-fold and 2.48 to 1.03-fold, respectively). Ancillary paw-edema and cell-migration assays confirmed anti-inflammatory activity without indicating anti-metastatic effects.
CONCLUSIONS: The extract given orally affords the first demonstrated protection against acute TNBS colitis, normalizing key inflammatory markers and abolishing procedure-related mortality. Sage phenolics indicate promising multitarget leads for IBD therapy, meriting chronic-model and pharmacokinetic evaluation.