Some aspects of wave aberrations of the human eye and supervision: a review.

Supervision is defined by a visual acuity of 20/10 or 20/8 and may be attained by custom-correcting the aberrations of higher order of the human eye. Higher order aberrations are those aberrations which are left in the eye after having corrected lower order aberrations, i.e., defocus (myopia, hypermetropia) regular astigmatism, and which can be corrected by ordinary spectacle lenses or contact lenses. Higher order aberrations are found to a higher or lesser degree in normal or pathological human eyes and in eyes having undergone conventional corneal surgery. According to custom keratorefractive surgery limits, given by the neural visual apparatus and the receptor mosaic, supervision (i.e., 20/10 or even 20/8) may be attained. A number of dedicated sensors have been developed in recent years that are able to detect and measure aberrations of the wave front which is a sensitive procedure for the determination and surgical control of the optical quality of the eye. Not every custom keratorefractive procedure results in supervision, however. This is because not every "normal" eye is able to reach such limits because of its basic design (anatomy or function) and also because keratorefractive procedures neglect the plastic behaviour of the cornea. The plasticity of the central neural system may furthermore interact with corrected or non-corrected visual function.